Tracking Galactic Motions: Shapes and Tilts of Stellar Velocity Patterns

Dmytrenko et al. analyze velocity ellipsoids of red giants and subgiants from Gaia DR3, uncovering kinematic distortions like the Galactic warp and non-axisymmetric features. They find that ellipsoid shapes and orientations vary with Galactocentric distance, reflecting gravitational influences and anisotropic stellar motions. This study provides detailed insights into the Milky Way's complex dynamics beyond the solar neighborhood.